Applying concepts of statistics to my life

 Project 1 - Applying Concepts : Collecting Data 

Mission : Collect 3 sets of data: qualitative, quantitative discrete, and quantitative continuous.

Execution: I chose to collect favorite ice cream flavor, number of times you go to the gym weekly, and the average amount of time per workout. I went to the gym I have a subscription at (Kia Ora)

 I stood at the door and asked a few people these questions. I ended up asking only 12 people, as it was extremely hard to ask people and then have them say yes to answering my questions. I asked on my family group chat for the remaining data I needed.

Weakness : I wasn’t able to get it all from the same location, so I ended up resorting to getting what would be dubbed as a convenient sample. There was also some bias because it was hard to approach people and give them the spiel.

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Project 2 - Applying Concepts : Probability

Mission : Estimate the number of vehicles in the Tri-Cities that are red by collecting a sample of 50 cars and their color around the Tri-Cities.

Execution : I decided to go smaller and just say my population is Kennewick, not the three cities. I went to WinCo on Sunday morning and walked through the parking lot recording car colors on a pad of paper.

Problems : By going to WinCo at a specific time, I set my sample up to be labeled as a convenient sample. 

Data :                                                    Results:

  According to my sample 12% of cars in kennewick are red.

                    My thoughts and mistakes:

I don’t think my results are close to the TRUE percentage of red cars because I took the sample from the most convenient place and most convenient time for me. I went to WinCo on a Sunday and recorded the first 50 of the cars parked there. It is also a relatively small sample size compared to the actual population.

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Part 2: Build and Use a Contigency Table

Population : Tri-cities residents

Mission : I want to collect two different data sets from people to figure out and compare the data sets. I chose to compare homeownership status and the type of car people own.

Sampling Procedure : I uploaded the questions to a Google Form. I distributed the Google Form by posting it to my story and texting it to close family and friends. In order to only collect data from my chosen population, I contained a question about if they lived over 50% of the time the last 6 months in the Tri-Cities. I recorded the data in the table shown to the left.

Comparing data : To compare the data, I composed a contingency table, which is displayed down below. I then did a series of calculations to utilize the table, which I have pasted below. All of these calculations are based on my sample.

         1. MARGINAL (overall) probability from my contingency table. (Overall probability that someone from the Tri-Cities drives a car.) 

P(drives a car) = 13/30  is about 0.4333… or 43.33%

         2. AND probability from my contingency table. (The probability someone from the Tri-Cities Owns a home and drives a truck.)

P(Own and Truck) = 4/30 is abt 0.1333 or 13.33%

        3. CONDITIONAL probability from your contingency table. (Probability that if someone drives a truck, they also own                      their home.)

P(truck|own) = P(own AND truck)/P(own)

          =(4/30)/(13/30)

          =4/13 = 0.3077 = 30.77%

My thoughts : I was expecting a lot more of the people to be renting despite their vehicle type, but the sample I took had a very varied age range. I think that age played a role in my results. I believe that these two variables are independent.

Practice Scholarship essay

I wrote this essay for my English class. My prompt was to create a scholarship essay.

Education and its importance in my life

    Even before I knew the true meaning of the word education, I had a deep love for learning. From that love of learning grew the firm belief that education is and will always be a key part of my life. As soon as I could, I wanted to go out and spread the importance of education as a mentor to kids that struggled just like me. My parents' legacies and some inspiring high school mentors guided me on my path to deciding that I wanted to pursue higher education and guide other students to wanting the most for themselves. As a result of who guided me growing up, I truly endorse and try to follow the idea of being a lifelong learner. 

Education is important to me because it allows me to be better trained to serve others. Throughout my life, I have been blessed to be surrounded with amazing people who are educated in the field they are in, whether that was through a trade or technical school or traditional college experience. In high school, I

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gained a mentor that made me feel so confident in myself and my ability to learn, and he showed me through example why an education is so important. It allows you to better go out and help others with the thorough training, reasoning, compassion, and understanding to back you up. Without everything I learned with my high school education, I never would have had the opportunity to go out and work as a mentor in local middle schools. It was only because of what I have learned informally and formally in school that I was able to properly help, guide, and mentor middle school students that were chronically absent. I love going out and helping others, and my education gives me the tools to go out and truly make a difference. Not only am I learning from the world’s and society’s past mistakes, but I am discovering how to truly care for a person as a nurse. 

    Beyond how I can create a bigger impact in the world, education is important to me because of the

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opportunities and doors it opens. My parents were both first-generation college students, and I am very proud to know that my parents went to school and succeeded. Despite having 3 kids, throughout their time in college they worked jobs and applied for many different scholarships. They made it out with a bachelor’s in psychology for my mom and a master’s in microbiology for my dad. Once my parents got out of school, they could work practically anywhere they wanted, and I want that same freedom and opportunity. Along with their freedom and flexibility in job choice, my parents were left with an enviable amount of financial stability that I would like to copy and paste into my life. As a result of my parents' love for learning, I developed the philosophy of endeavoring to be a lifelong learner. 

    Another key reason why education is important to me is because it challenges me to never stop learning

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and growing. I try to live by the motto to seek discomfort. Find what pushes you out of your comfort zone, and you’ll discover where you can grow. More often than not, what pushes you out of where you are comfortable is learning new things. My dream is to graduate with my bachelor’s degree, which constantly challenges me to learn new things and adapt. I never had any dream career when I was little, but little by little I am building a life little would’ve dreamed of. I know that by endeavoring to be a learner in all aspects of my life, I can learn something from everyone around me. As I work towards my bachelor’s in nursing, I know that I can consistently find the joy in learning and continue to change and grow. 

    Above all, valuing the impact education has had on my life is extremely beneficial to me. I want to continue to spread this joy of learning with other experiences like AmeriCorps. A major influence in that decision is the desire to pass on my parents legacy. My hope as I continue to live by this goal is that I can endeavor to never stop learning in all aspects of my life. I will never stop pursuing education and allowing it to take precedence in my life. I challenge you to do the same by mentoring others or learning something new.

What if John F Kennedy wasn't assassinated?

This is my second project for the English 101 course I am taking. It still needs some polishing, but I'm proud of what I wrote so far. :)

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The Assassination of John F. Kennedy

On November 22, 1963, at approximately 12:30 pm in Dallas, Texas, John F. Kennedy was assassinated (“November 22, 1963: Death of the President”). After his death, the nation and the world went into shock. But what if JFK’s assassination never happened? I believe there are three major things that would’ve happened. First, the civil rights movement would have had a lot more obstacles in their way. Second, the end of the Cold War would’ve had potential to end a lot sooner. And third, many historians theorize that the conflict in Vietnam would never have escalated to the all-out war if JFK was still president. Often when people talk about the assassination of JFK, they view it as the loss of the innocence of our nation, but that isn’t the full story.

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Although Kennedy was talking with civil rights leaders and activists and was for the civil rights movement, there were several factors that would have made him delay action. One of the key factors that would have slowed his momentum in supporting the civil rights movement was the elections in 1964 that were coming up soon. As a result of him being so openly for the civil rights movement, he “triggered a furious reaction in the South, and in September of 1963, a Gallup Poll showed that in the 11 states of the former Confederacy, Barry Goldwater was beating JFK by a 59-41 margin.” (Greenfield) The chances of him winning the next election were not looking good. In order to combat that, he would have back some of his most controversial policies until he was reelected. 

On top of the unrest about the civil rights movement, Kennedy had some dirty secrets regarding infidelity that were on the cusp of coming out. “In June 1963, Bobby Kennedy had confronted two reporters for the New York Journal-American who’d published a story linking a British prostitute to a “high elected American official” — clearly meaning the president” (Greenfeild). According to Greenfeild, “one of the most fearsome investigative reporters in Washington,” Clark Mollenhoff, was determined to digg up the story. He wrote in October of 1963, “evidence is likely to include identification of several high executive branch officials.” (Mollenhoff) He was alluded to prostitution being involved. His opponents definitely would have used that against him and paid to get that scandal revealed. In the wake of JFK’s assassination, no information was published.

Unfortunately or fortunately, his death made him a martyr, and his successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson, used that to his advantage. Johnson declared the “civil rights bill should be passed to honour Kennedy’s memory.” (“What if JFK was never assassinated?”) Besides that, “Johnson’s forceful negotiation skills,

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along with the Democratic majority, saw the new president push the bill through to law without much compromise.” (“What if JFK was never assassinated?”) JFK was a media darling and very charismatic, but Johnson had a lot of political influence, and that affected how quickly the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was put into place. Besides this example, almost all of the other repercussions of JFK’s death were extremely negative to the US.

It was only a year previous, in October of 1962, that the 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and the US occurred. Afterwards, it was dubbed the Cuban Missle Crisis, and JFK was praised for how he handled the whole mess. As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, “there was a shift in Kennedy’s attitude. Having come so close to obliterating the world at the push of a button, Kennedy looked to work with the Soviets more than ever before.” (“What if JFK was never assassinated?”) By opening a line of communication with some of the officials in the Soviet Union, he created a relationship that he felt we could grow upon. 

In late 1963, he proposed a limited ban on nuclear weapon creation and started to suggest “a joint space program” (Oskin). It was only on September 20th, 1963, that a “proposal for broader cooperation between the United States and the USSR in outer space, including cooperation in lunar landing programs was made by John F Kennedy.” (Kennedy) Just 10 days before his death, John F Kennedy sent a letter to NASA and

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the heads to most of the space programs reminding them of this proposal and asking for an “interim report on the progress of our planning by December 15” (Kennedy). After John F Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, the progress ground to a halt. “Although the Johnson administration made a similar offer for joint manned spaceflights early in 1964, the Russians were too suspicious of the new administration” (Sietzen). With the distrust of the new administration came the prolongation of the Cold War until 1991. Another conflict that we might have avoided was the Vietnam War.

There has been so much speculation surrounding the war in Vietnam and the different choices JFK would have made if he were still president. In 2005, there was a conference discussing this theory. A group of “academics, officials, and experts on the region” were brought together “to debate that single question of what would JFK have done with Vietnam” (Greenfield). The conclusion, while not unanimous, was that JFK wouldn’t have escalated the war. This would’ve altered history in the US dramatically. There was a huge anti-war movement that led to a lot of bitterness and hate. The US was so divided about joining the Vietnam War in the first place that when we eventually lost the war, it “pierced the myth of American invincibility and had bitterly divided the nation.” (Onion) It left countless people with a greater distrust of the government and allowed people to rationalize shunning traumatized soldiers. “Many returning veterans

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faced negative reactions from both opponents of the war (who viewed them as having killed innocent civilians) and its supporters (who saw them as having lost the war).” (Onion) There was so much shame and turmoil as a result of the Vietnam War. When JFK was in his presidency, there was “indisputable proof that the Kennedy administration undertook a sustained and systematic effort to schedule the removal of American servicemen from South Vietnam and turn the war over to the government in Saigon.” (“If Kennedy Had Lived | Miller Center”). The repercussions of removing the US military from Vietnam would have been immense and uncountable.

 JFK’s death had so many lasting consequences for the nation. His successor used him as a martyr to make necessary progress in the civil rights movement, and he had the potential to end the Cold War decades earlier. There was also a severe ripple effect he could have caused by not escalating the war in Vietnam. It really makes me look at his assassination with new sorrow at the loss of a great leader. His story also made me reconsider the legacy I am leaving on the world and the impact I want to make. John F. Kennedy lived a short, full, and prosperous life. Take his life and death as a message to treat every moment as precious and be the change you want to see.

Sources

“What if JFK was never assassinated?” Sky HISTORY TV Channel, www.history.co.uk/articles/what-if-jfk-was-never-shot. 

Greenfield, Jeff. “60 Years After JFK’s Assassination: What Might Have Happened Had He Lived - POLITICO.” POLITICO, 22 Nov. 2023, www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/22/jfk-assassination-60-anniversary-00128153. 

Oskin, Becky. “If JFK Lived: 5 Ways History Would Change.” livescience.com, 14 Oct. 2022, www.livescience.com/41412-jfk-best-alternate-histories.html. 

“If Kennedy Had Lived | Miller Center.” Miller Center, Sept. 2022, millercenter.org/Kennedy-withdrawal/if-kennedy-had-lived. 

“November 22, 1963: Death of the President.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, 7 Nov. 2024, www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/november-22-1963-death-of-the-president. 

Sietzen, Frank. “Soviets Planned to Accept JFK�S Joint Lunar Mission Offer.” Space Daily, 2 Oct. 1997, www.spacedaily.com/news/russia-97h.html. 

Kennedy, John F. “410. National Security Action Memorandum No. 271.” Office of the Historian, 12 Nov. 1963, history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v25/d410.  

Onion, Amanda. “Vietnam War: Causes, Facts and Impact | HISTORY.” HISTORY, 16 May 2024, www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history.